آسیب‌شناسی تأویل و تطبیق ناروا در فهم آیات مهدویت؛ مطالعه موردی تفاسیر شیعه و اهل‌سنت

غلامحسین  چوبینی; محسن زارعی; سیده فاطمه  موسوی

Authors

Gholamhossein Choubini Department of Quran and Hadith Sciences, Kaz.C., Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran. Author https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4041-1312
Mohsen Zarei Department of Theology and Islamic Studies, Kaz.C., Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4705-0366
Seyedeh Fatemeh Mousavi Department of Islamic Studies, Shi.C., Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran. Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0537-906X

Keywords:

Verses regarding Mahdism, esoteric interpretation (*ta’wil*), improper application, the inner meaning (*batn*) of the Quran, *jary* and application, comparative exegesis, Shia and Sunni exegeses

Abstract

The Qur’anic verses associated with Mahdism constitute an area of Shiʿi and Sunni exegesis that faces significant methodological challenges due to the diversity of transmitted reports and differences in the methods used to identify their referents. The primary problem addressed in the present study is to identify and analyze the methodological pitfalls arising from unwarranted interpretation and application in understanding these verses and to clarify the criteria for distinguishing valid exegesis, taʾwīl (interpretation), baṭn (the inner dimension of the Qur’an), and application to particular referents. Employing a descriptive-analytical method and a comparative approach, the study examines a selection of verses concerning the supremacy of religion, the succession of the righteous, inheritance of the earth, and signs of the end times in light of Shiʿi and Sunni exegetical traditions. The findings demonstrate that not all Mahdism-related traditions seek to explain the primary meaning of a Qur’anic verse; rather, some identify particular referents, some concern the external realization of Qur’anic promises, and others refer to the inner dimensions of the verses. Accordingly, the use of the term taʾwīl in traditions concerning Mahdism does not necessarily signify abandoning the apparent meaning of a verse; in certain cases, it refers to the future realization of the verse’s content. Moreover, comparison of Shiʿi and Sunni sources indicates that some of the existing differences concern the identification of specific referents and the manner in which Qur’anic promises are fulfilled rather than disagreement over their fundamental content. The study concludes that the most significant methodological error lies in transforming a tradition-based application into the exclusive meaning of a verse and invoking taʾwīl as a basis for disregarding the apparent meaning and contextual framework of the Qur’an. Therefore, evaluating the authenticity and semantic implications of relevant traditions, attending to the textual context, and distinguishing the meaning of a verse from its particular referents are among the most important requirements for a methodologically sound understanding of Mahdism-related Qur’anic verses.

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