Examining the Views and Opinions of Qur’anic Exegetes on Innate Dispositions and Their Indicators

Abstract

The present study examines the views and opinions of Qur’anic exegetes regarding innate dispositions (fiṭriyyāt) and their indicators, using a descriptive–analytical method and library sources. Qur’anic verses affirm the existence of innate disposition (fiṭra) and innate matters within humans, characterized by universality though potentially concealed by environmental and external influences. Innate inclinations presuppose knowledge; thus, errors in knowledge can lead to misguided inclinations, while the inclinations themselves are inherently sound. Fundamental truths such as monotheism (tawḥīd), resurrection (maʿād), and similar theological doctrines are considered innate and are brought to awareness by divine prophets through reminders. The Qur’an offers a comprehensive and precise depiction of innate disposition, guiding humans toward effective self-development and access to divine knowledge. In this regard, Qur’anic verses can be grouped into four categories: verses explicitly referring to fiṭra; verses showing prophets as “reminders” (mudhakkirūn) of innate God-consciousness; verses implying that humanity inherently acknowledged God’s existence; and verses addressing the “Primordial Covenant” (ʿĀlam al-Dharr) or the “Covenant of Alastu” (ʿIlm al-Alast).