نظریه حذف حکم اعدام مرتد در عصر غیبت
کلمات کلیدی:
ارتداد, مرتد فطری, مرتد ملی, افساد فی الارض, محاربه, بغیچکیده
در پیشینه فقه اسلامی موضوع ارتداد و خروج با عناد از دین مطرح و دیدگاه های مختلفی در خصوص جرم انگاری و مجازات آن بیان شد. بعضی قائل به اعدام و مجازات سختگیرانه نسبت به مرتد گردیدند. بعضی اعدام را مجازاتی شایسته ندانسته و با اعمال مجازات اخف راهی برای اصلاح چنین افرادی باز نمودند. در مجموع دیدگاه مشهور در این خصوص اعدام مرتد فطری و مجازات زندان برای مرتد ملی است. اما دیدگاه نگارندان با توجه به زمان و مکان و نگاه اصلاحی در رفتار شهروندان و رعایت حقوق شهروندی و ضوابط حقوق بشری قائل به اعدام نبوده و می توان از مجازات جایگزین استفاده نمود. این پژوهش از نوع نظری و مسیر مطالعاتی فقه و حقو اسلامی و به روش تحلیل محتوا به نگارش در آمد. برآمد تحقیق آن است: مرتد تا زمانی که عمل و اقداماتش به بغی و محاربه کشیده نشد با حبس و کارفرهنگی و مجازات شایسته به اصلاح و تربیت او اقدام خواهد شد. اما در صورتی که مرتد اقدام به محاربه یا بغی و افساد فی الارض نمود، مجازات آن بر اساس این نوع از جرائم اختصاص داده می شود.
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