Comparative Study of Hadith Teachings on Ethics and Practical Philosophy: An Analysis of the Concepts of Good and Evil

Abstract

The concepts of good and evil are foundational topics in Islamic ethics and practical philosophy, consistently engaging the attention of philosophers and religious scholars. This study aims to comparatively analyze the teachings of Hadith and practical philosophy regarding these two essential concepts. Initially, the research introduces and examines the notions of good and evil in practical philosophy, where philosophers like Avicenna and Al-Farabi define good as the pursuit of perfection and moral virtues, and evil as the deficiency and deviation from this path. Subsequently, relevant Hadiths are explored, illustrating that good is characterized by obedience to God and adherence to divine commandments, while evil is depicted as disobedience and estrangement from divine mercy. In the comparative analysis section, the similarities and differences between these two perspectives are scrutinized. The findings indicate that both approaches emphasize the importance of justice, honesty, and benevolence towards others; however, they differ in defining the origin and nature of good and evil. Hadith teachings focus on religious and spiritual aspects, whereas practical philosophy centers on rational principles and social outcomes. The study concludes that integrating these two viewpoints can contribute to the formation of a comprehensive and applicable ethical system that encompasses both religious dimensions and rational principles. Suggestions for future research include examining the social and cultural impacts of these concepts and adapting traditional teachings to contemporary needs.