The Realm of Barzakh from the Perspective of Transmitted Proofs

Abstract

In linguistic terms, Barzakh means a separator, barrier, hidden divider, and an intermediate boundary between two things. Lexicographers have two views regarding the root of this word. Some believe that it is derived from the word barāz with an open bāʾ, which means a vast land that separates two seas or two large rivers. Subsequently, the term Barzakh deviated from its original meaning and was extended to denote anything that creates a separation between two entities. For instance, even the boundary between shade and sunlight was referred to as Barzakh. Numerous narrations have been reported concerning Barzakh. Imam al-Ṣādiq (peace be upon him) stated: "As for the Day of Judgment, you will attain Paradise through the intercession of the Prophet and the successor of the Prophet, but by God, I fear for you in Barzakh!” This narration implies that while intercession will apply on the Day of Resurrection, the fear of punishment in Barzakh remains a significant concern. The intended meaning of Barzakh in this context aligns with its definition in theological discourse and religious terminology, referring to the intermediate realm between death and resurrection. In the common usage among theologians, Barzakh is synonymous with the world of the grave. The primary question to be examined is whether the realm of Barzakh exists or not. This necessitates an inquiry into whether humans truly reside in Barzakh from the time of death until resurrection. Furthermore, it must be explored whether the belief in the existence of Barzakh is an essential and undisputed doctrine among Muslims, such that its denial would place someone outside the fold of Islam, or if there exists room for disagreement among Muslims regarding this matter, allowing some to reject the existence of Barzakh while still remaining within the Muslim community.