Analysis of the Impact of the Theory of Substantial Motion on the Interpretation of the Verses of Creation in Tafsir al-Qur’an al-Karim by Mulla Sadra

Abstract

In Tafsir al-Qur’an al-Karim by Mulla Sadra, the theory of Substantial Motion (al-harakah al-jawhariyyah) not only plays a key role in explaining the verses of creation but also exerts a fundamental influence on his interpretive approach toward these verses. This theory guides Mulla Sadra’s perspective away from a literal and static understanding of creation toward a dynamic and continuous conception of existence. Based on his understanding of Substantial Motion, which emphasizes “the continuous movement of existence, the intrinsic renewal of being, and the instability of essences,” Mulla Sadra interprets the Qur’anic verses related to “the emergence of human states and transformations” as well as “the changes in the conditions of the heavens and the earth” not as fixed or singular occurrences, but as reflections of an ongoing existential and transformative process. This profound influence enables him to move beyond the realm of mere words into the very fabric of beings and phenomena. Through his illuminative (kashfi) methodology, he attains philosophical–mystical interpretations that signify an eternal and flowing creation, consciously avoiding the pitfalls of imaginative conjecture and figurative reduction, which he regards as erroneous and impermissible. Accordingly, Substantial Motion empowers Mulla Sadra to employ deeper metaphysical meanings, offering a philosophical and mystical exegesis of the verses of creation that transcends all static interpretations. In his view, the universe itself becomes a living and ever-renewing sign (ayah) of divine lordship.