The Perspective of Abrahamic Religions on Holy Wars: A Comparative Analysis of the Quran, the Gospel, and the Torah

Abstract

The concept of holy wars in the Quran, the Torah, and the Four Gospels is one of the significant and controversial topics in Abrahamic religions. This study aims to conduct a comparative examination of the perspectives of these sacred texts on holy wars, identifying their similarities, differences, and associated challenges.

This research employs a qualitative and comparative content analysis methodology. By examining sacred texts (the Quran, the Torah, and the Four Gospels) and authoritative exegetical sources, it extracts and analyzes concepts related to war, peace, and the conditions legitimizing war. The key similarities among these texts include an emphasis on peace and justice as ultimate goals, the legitimacy of war under specific and defensive conditions, and adherence to ethical principles during warfare. The primary differences lie in the distinct objectives of war (ethnic superiority in the Torah, the defense of justice in the Quran, and spirituality in the Gospels), the nature of war (physical in the Quran and Torah and spiritual in the Gospels), and the broader ethical constraints on warfare in the Quran compared to the Torah. The major challenges involve historical misinterpretations and the instrumental use of the concept of holy war, as well as the contradiction between some of these notions and contemporary human rights values. Comparative analysis reveals that despite their differences, all three religions emphasize peace, justice, and the limitation of violence. Historical misinterpretations and extremist interpretations of these concepts highlight the necessity of studying sacred texts within their historical and spiritual contexts. This research contributes to a better understanding of the perspectives of Abrahamic religions on war and peace and promotes peaceful coexistence.