Jurisprudential Thematization of Nushuz from the Perspective of Both Islamic Sects
Keywords:
Disobedience, Shia jurisprudence, Sunni jurisprudence, The thought of juristsAbstract
Marital disobedience (nushuz) by either spouse is one of the critical issues in Islamic jurisprudence and is regarded as a major cause of marital discord and the consequent disintegration of the family structure. This article, using a descriptive-analytical method, explores the thematic definition of nushuz from the perspectives of both major Islamic sects and evaluates the viewpoints of jurists concerning the disobedience of either husband or wife. Most jurists have acknowledged the possibility of nushuz for both men and women. The identification and practical instances of nushuz have undergone change and development over time, influenced by Qur’anic verses, Hadiths, and customary interpretation. In the Hadith tradition of Sunni Islam, nushuz by a man is often interpreted as the intention to divorce, while nushuz by a woman is associated with evident immoral conduct, disobedience to her husband, and belittling his rights. Jurists from the four Sunni schools of law have each interpreted nushuz in distinct ways.
Downloads
References
Allameh Hilli, H. i. Y. i. M. Tahrir al-Ahkam al-Shar'iyyah 'ala Madhhab al-Imamiyyah. Al al-Bayt Institute.
Ardebili, A. i. M. Zubdat al-Bayan fi Ahkam al-Quran. Maktabat al-Murtazawiyyah.
Ayashi, M. i. M. (1961). Tafsir al-Ayashi. Al-Maktabah al-Ilmiyyah al-Islamiyyah.
Bahrani, Y. i. A. Al-Hada'iq al-Nadhirah fi Ahkam al-'Itrah al-Tahirah. Islamic Publishing Institute.
Bayhaqi, A. B. (2003). Sunan al-Kubra. Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah.
Bukhari, M. i. I. (2001). Sahih al-Bukhari. Dar Tawk al-Najat.
Dashti-Khuydaki, F. (2017). Disobedience and Its Rulings in Sunni Jurisprudence.
Fadil Muqaddad, J. a. D. M. i. A. a. S. a. H. (1984). Al-Tanqih al-Ra’iq li-Mukhtasar al-Shara’i’. Ayatollah Marashi Najafi Library.
Fattouhi, T. a. D. M. i. A. (1998). Muntaha al-Iradat. Al-Resalah Institute.
Ibn Babawayh, M. i. A. (1985). Fiqh al-Ridha. Al al-Bayt Institute.
Ibn Faris, A. (1979). Mu'jam Maqayis al-Lughah. Dar al-Fikr.
Ibn Hamzah, M. i. A. (1987). Al-Wasila ila Nayl al-Fadila. Ayatollah Marashi Najafi Library.
Ibn Nazar Jadhami, A. M. J. a.-D. A. i. N. i. S. (2003). 'Aqd al-Jawahir al-Thamina fi Madhhab 'Alim al-Madina. Dar al-Gharb al-Islami.
Ibn Nujaym Hanafi, S. a.-D., & Ibn Jallab, U. i. a.-H. i. a.-H. A. a.-Q. (2002). Al-Nahr al-Fa'iq Sharh Kanz al-Daqa'iq Al-Tafree' fi Fiqh al-Imam Malik. Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah.
Ibn Qadhi Shuhba, B. a.-D. A. a.-F. M. i. A. B. a.-A. a.-S. i. (2011). Bidayat al-Muhtaj fi Sharh al-Minhaj. Dar al-Minhaj.
Ibn Qudamah al-Maqdisi, S. a.-D. A. a.-F. A. i. M. i. A. (1995). Al-Sharh al-Kabir. Hijr Publishing.
Ibn Zuhra Halabi, S. H. i. A. Ghuniyat al-Nuzou' ila 'Ilmay al-Usul wa al-Furu'. Imam Sadiq Institute.
Izz al-Din Abdul Aziz ibn Abdul Salam, S. (2016). Al-Ghayah fi Ikhtisar al-Nihayah. Dar al-Nawadir.
Karimi-Nia, M. M., Pakdel, M., & Ansari-Moqaddam, M. (2021). A Jurisprudential Perspective on Articles 1108 and 1104 of the Civil Code Regarding Disobedience. Journal of Modern Achievements in Humanities Studies, 4(39).
Kasani, A. a.-D. (1986). Bada'i' al-Sana'i' fi Tartib al-Shara'i'. Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah.
Khatami, S. J., & Barzanouni, M. (2018). Examining the Disobedience of Women from the Perspective of the Five Islamic Schools of Thought.
Khazaei-Fard, F. (2018). Examining Disobedience from Legal and Islamic Perspectives in Iran.
Khu’i, S. A. a. Q. (2003). Minhaj al-Salihin. Khu’i Islamic Institute.
Kulayni, M. i. Y. q. (1986). Al-Kafi. Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyyah.
Majlisi, M. T. (1985). Rawdat al-Muttaqin fi Sharh Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih. Islamic Cultural Institute.
Mar'i ibn Yusuf, K. (2007). Ghayat al-Muntaha fi Jam' al-Iqna' wa al-Muntaha. Gras Publishing.
Mousavi Khomeini, S. R. (2013). Tahrir al-Wasilah. Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini's Works.
Mufid, M. i. M. (1992). Al-Muqni’ah. Sheikh Mufid Millennium Congress.
Muhaqqiq Hilli, S. N. a. D. J. f. i. H. i. Y. i. S. i. H. (1989). Al-Mukhtasar al-Nafi’ fi Fiqh al-Imamiyyah. Islamic Studies Department at Al-Ba’thah Institute.
Muqatil ibn Sulayman, A. a. H. (2002). Tafsir Muqatil ibn Sulayman. Dar Ihya al-Turath.
Najafi Esfahani, S. M. H. (1943). Jawahir al-Kalam fi Sharh Sharayi’ al-Islam. Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi.
Qurashi, A. A. (1991). Qamus al-Quran. Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyyah.
Rafi'i Qazvini, A. a.-Q. (1997). Sharh al-Kabir. Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah.
Sawi, A. i. M. (1952). Bulghat al-Salik li-Aqrab al-Masalik ila Madhhab al-Imam Malik. Mustafa al-Babi al-Halabi Library.
Seyyedi-Bonabi, S. B., & Nedaei, M. (2018). A Comparative Study of the Explanation of Wife's and Husband's Disobedience in Legal and Jurisprudential Discussions. Comparative Legal Studies of Justice and Equity, 1(3).
Shahid, A. (1981). Al-Lum’ah al-Dimashqiyyah. Dar al-Fikr.
Suhayb Abduljabbar. (2014). Al-Jami' al-Sahih lil-Sunan wa al-Masanid.
Tabarsi, F. i. H. (1987). Majma’ al-Bayan. Dar al-Ma’rifah.
Tabatabai, S. A. (1998). Riyad al-Masa’il fi Bayan Ahkam al-Shar’ bil-Dala’il. Islamic Publishing Institute.
Tannukhi, Z. a.-D. M. i. U. i. A. a. i. M. (2003). Al-Mumti' fi Sharh al-Muqni'. Maktabat al-Asadi.
Tusi, M. i. H. i. A. i. H. (1968). Al-Mabsut fi Fiqh al-Imamiyyah. Maktabat al-Murtazawiyyah.
Tusi, M. i. H. i. A. i. H. (1980). Al-Nihayah fi Mujarrad al-Fiqh wa al-Fatawi. Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi.
Zayla’i, F. a. D. (1985). Tabyin al-Haqa’iq Sharh Kanz al-Daqa’iq. Al-Matba’ah al-Kubra al-Amiriyyah.
Zubaidi, H., & Mohib al-Din, S. M. M. a. H. (1993). Taj al-'Arus min Jawahir al-Qamus (Vol. 20). Dar al-Fikr.
Downloads
Published
Submitted
Revised
Accepted
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Nikoo Ramezani (Author); Seyed Alireza Hosseini; Mohammad Hossein Nazemi Asheni (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
