Epistemology of Faith and Doubt in Islamic Philosophy and Its Impact on Individual Life

Abstract

This paper examines the relationship between faith and doubt within Islamic philosophy, analyzing the role of each concept in the epistemological process. Drawing on the perspectives of prominent Islamic philosophers such as Ibn Sina, Al-Farabi, Al-Ghazali, and Mulla Sadra, the interaction between faith and doubt is presented as two complementary aspects of knowledge. These philosophers argue that doubt serves as a crucial stage in purifying false beliefs and attaining truth, ultimately guiding individuals toward heartfelt faith and certainty. Ibn Sina and Al-Farabi highlight the positive impact of doubt on strengthening faith, asserting that doubt acts as a driving force for the pursuit of more rational justifications. Conversely, Al-Ghazali and Mulla Sadra believe that doubt is not only an essential phase in the spiritual and intellectual evolution of a person but also facilitates personal growth and spiritual excellence. This paper endeavors to explore the philosophical analysis of these two concepts, investigating how doubt and faith influence the cognitive process and their impact on an individual’s intellectual and spiritual life. Furthermore, the study provides recommendations for future research on the interaction between faith and doubt and their effects on epistemology and religious psychology. The findings suggest that in Islamic philosophy, faith and doubt are not contradictory but rather work synergistically to enhance an individual’s quest for truth and personal development.