The Conduct of the Infallibles (PBUH) on the Use of Shūrā and Consultation in Word and Deed and Its Relationship with the Knowledge of the Infallibles (PBUH)
Keywords:
Conduct of Infallibles, Council and Consultation, Words and Deeds, Connection, the Knowledge of the Infallibles.Abstract
The term shūrā appears in the Qurʾān in four different semantic contexts: verse 159 of Āl ʿImrān, verse 233 of al-Baqarah, verse 38 of al-Shūrā, and verse 18 of al-Zumar. In the Qurʾān and in narrations transmitted from the Infallibles (peace be upon them), the science and skill of consultation is taught to the followers of Islam with notable subtlety, and one of the explicit objectives of the Infallibles was to convey this refined approach to later generations. Using a library-based method and a descriptive–inferential research approach, this study demonstrates that the Infallibles sought to ensure that Muslims would not neglect the practice of consultation and shūrā, as they considered consultation to be the backbone of the Islamic system. The Infallibles emphasized consultation and shūrā in order to arouse a sense of responsibility among Muslims, to cultivate their worldly and otherworldly well-being, to provide awareness and distance them from deviant forms of Islam, to prevent intellectual despotism among rulers, and to acquaint Muslims with the true philosophy of religion. In both word and deed, they endeavored to encourage their community to consult scholars and prudent individuals, while discouraging consultation with unqualified people such as the timid and the miserly. Their objective was to institutionalize the principle of shūrā and consultation among Muslims. In doing so, they refrained—except in very rare cases—from utilizing their knowledge of the unseen, even though they were always capable of employing it.
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