The Qur’anic Conception of the Subjugation of Nature: From Reality to Perception (An Examination of the Mystical Reading of Subjugation and a Critique of Contemporary Interpretations)
Keywords:
Subjugation of Nature, Mystical Interpretation, Environmental Crisis, Ecological Theology, Divine KhilāfahAbstract
The Holy Qur’an presents diverse forms of knowledge, including themes related to nature. In the Qur’anic verses, nature is described as an “āyah” (sign), representing the knowledge, power, and unity of God, and is also subjugated to human beings. A correct understanding of the conception of the subjugation of nature—which originates fundamentally from the Qur’an—is important for at least two reasons. First, it is essential for properly comprehending the Qur’anic worldview and the epistemological system derived from it; and second, it is necessary for addressing and responding to the doubts and critiques raised in this domain. The present study, conducted using a descriptive–analytical method, seeks to revisit the conception of subjugation through a mystical interpretation and, based on the knowledge derived from this perspective, to critically examine the doubts raised in this regard. The findings indicate that attributing the roots of the environmental crisis to monotheistic religions and Qur’anic teachings is incorrect. This unfounded and illusory attribution stems from a misunderstanding of the concept of subjugation. According to the mystical interpretation, subjugation does not imply exploitative and irresponsible ownership, but rather refers to a form of interaction with nature that occurs in harmony with the divine will and under divine permission. This is because nature itself is a manifestation of the divine names and attributes. The study demonstrates that the path toward overcoming the environmental crisis lies not in rejecting religious texts, but in returning to an authentic understanding of religion through a mystical perspective and restoring the existential relationship between human beings and nature.
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