Islamic Knowledge and Insight

A Study of the Social Implications of the Divine Presence of God in the Qur’an and Hadith

khadijeh Ghaderi Najafabadi iD , Ahmad Reza Basij ^* iD , Mohammad Hossein Ghasempayvandi iD

This study examines the concept of the Divine Presence of God and its social implications for society from the perspective of the Holy Qur’an and the narrations of the Infallibles (peace be upon them). The Divine Presence of God refers to the continuous and conscious presence of the Almighty in every moment of human life. This concept has profound effects not only on individual life but also on social relationships, collective ethics, and the structure of society. In this article, the social effects of this divine presence are analyzed with reference to Qur’anic verses and narrations. Accordingly, the study investigates the social implications of the Divine Presence of the Almighty in the Qur’an and narrations and demonstrates how awareness of God's presence can influence human behavior, ethics, and social attitudes. The research employs a descriptive-analytical method and examines the subject through Qur’anic verses and narrations of the Infallibles (peace be upon them). The findings indicate that the Divine Presence of the Almighty in human life contributes to strengthening justice, responsibility, social ethics, and reducing corruption. Paying attention to this concept can pave the way for establishing a healthy society founded on divine values.

Meaning of Life from the Perspective of Ibn Sīnā

Salim Akbari iD , Abbas Gohari ^* iD , Shahla Eslami iD

https://doi.org/10.61838/iki.314

In this study, the meaning of life from the perspective of Ibn Sīnā is reported, analyzed, compared, and evaluated. The research approach is philosophical, conducted using an analytical–descriptive method based on library and comparative studies. The findings indicate that Ibn Sīnā, while presenting the various degrees of the soul’s and the body’s felicity, considers true and highest felicity to be an objective, discoverable, and attainable reality—namely, the spiritual joy and delight resulting from the perception and contemplation of the Divine Realm. According to the Shaykh, the realization of this exalted joy and delight for the human being becomes possible through the completion of the theoretical and practical intellect and through transcending the limitations of matter and corporeality. Regarding the role and position of God and faith in giving meaning and felicity to human life, Ibn Sīnā maintains that this role is central and fundamental, such that human life, in the absence of a form of relation and attachment to God—who is pure goodness and absolute perfection—would be meaningless and void.

Another Reading of the Shiqshiqiyya Sermon: A Systemic Functional Linguistic Analysis in Light of Narrative and Literary Commentaries

Shiva Sadeghi iD , Mohammad Gholami ^* iD , Hadi Mehrizi iD

https://doi.org/10.61838/iki.156

The present study aims to examine the effectiveness of text linguistics in uncovering the multiple semantic layers of religious texts. In this context, the Sermon of al-Shiqshiqiyya is analyzed based on the textual metafunction within Halliday’s systemic functional linguistics framework. The research employs a descriptive-analytical method, analyzing the sermon in terms of thematic structure as well as various cohesive devices—grammatical, lexical, and conjunctive—that contribute to its overall coherence. The linguistic findings are systematically compared and complemented with the interpretations of prominent Hadith commentators, such as Mulla Muhammad Baqir al-Majlisi in Bihar al-Anwar and Hashemi Khuei in Minhaj al-Bara‘a, along with related rhetorical and conceptual studies. In relevant parts of the analysis, references are also made to managerial insights derived from the textual structure. The findings reveal a high degree of structural and semantic cohesion in the sermon, where the full range of the textual metafunction is skillfully employed to produce a coherent, dynamic discourse that accurately conveys Amīr al-Muʾminīn (peace be upon him) perspective and emphasizes key concepts. In most cases, the linguistic patterns align closely with classical commentarial interpretations. The study demonstrates that integrating systemic-functional linguistic analysis with reliable narrative and literary commentaries offers a powerful tool for revealing the rich semantic and rhetorical layers of religious texts. This interdisciplinary approach not only deepens literary and fiqh al-ḥadīth understanding but also enables the extraction of secondary meanings and cross-disciplinary insights—such as those relevant to the field of Islamic management.

Examining the Relationship Between Risk and Resilience on Shariah Acceptance

Atena Farhadi iD , Amir Gholami ^* iD , Mohammad Mahdi Ahmadi iD

https://doi.org/10.61838/iki.98

This study aims to examine the effects of corporate risk and organizational resilience on the level of Shariah acceptance among Iranian industrial and manufacturing firms. This applied, descriptive-analytical research collected data through structured questionnaires and secondary sources. The statistical population includes 66 public and private companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2001 to 2023. Risk was assessed through total and idiosyncratic risk indices, resilience via sales, cost structure, operating expenses, and stock price volatility, and Shariah acceptance through Dow Jones Islamic Market Index (DJIMI) screening criteria. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS, Minitab, and Excel. Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between corporate resilience and Shariah acceptance, and a significant negative relationship between corporate risk and Shariah acceptance. The model's R-squared was 0.784, and the regression correlation coefficient was 0.885. Moreover, Shariah-compliant companies demonstrated higher resilience and lower risk compared to their non-compliant counterparts, especially during economic crises. Shariah acceptance serves as a strategic factor in enhancing corporate resilience and reducing exposure to risk. The findings suggest that adherence to Islamic principles contributes to better organizational performance and greater stability in the face of economic shocks.

Practical Methods of Influencing the Audience from the Perspective of the Qur'an

Mostafa Ghasemi iD , Seyyed Ahmad Mirain ^* iD , Hamid Mohammad Ghasemi iD

https://doi.org/10.61838/iki.188

Since its revelation, the Holy Qur'an has aimed to influence its audience in order to guide them toward the path of salvation. In this regard, this divine book has established communication with its recipients and employed various methods to persuade them. As the final divine message to humanity and itself a "clear proclamation" (balāgh mubīn), this magnificent book also teaches its followers the highest and most effective methods of influencing an audience. The present study seeks, through a descriptive-analytical method and by drawing upon Qur'anic verses, to identify practical methods of audience influence. The findings of this study indicate that the Qur'an—as a book of human guidance revealed by the Almighty and Omniscient God—undoubtedly utilizes the most effective practical techniques to convey its intended messages and impact its audience. Among these methods are: role modeling, gradual persuasion, presentation of miracles, face-to-face interaction, assertive confrontation, creating doubt, focusing on commonalities, creativity and innovation, public disclosure, sanctification, psychological framing, emphasis on influential centers, and diversification.

Limiting Zakāt to the Nine Categories from the Perspective of the Infallible Imams (Peace Be Upon Them) with Emphasis on the Opinions of Imāmī Jurists

Seyed Mohammad Hosseini iD , Hamid Kavianifard ^* iD , Seyed Mohammad Shafiei Darabi iD

https://doi.org/10.61838/iki.165

The discourse on zakāt is among the most significant topics within Islamic economic jurisprudence. In the transmitted ḥadīths of the Prophet Muḥammad and the Infallible Imams (peace be upon them), there are narrations that seemingly indicate a restriction of zakāt to the well-known nine categories, namely: gold and silver (nukūd), the three types of livestock (anʿām thalātha), and the four types of crops (ghallāt arbaʿa). However, numerous pieces of evidence and traditions suggest a broader application of zakāt beyond these nine categories. This has consequently led to considerable divergence of opinion among Shīʿī scholars. According to one viewpoint, jurists maintain that the categories of zakāt are exclusively limited to the nine items established during the time of the Prophet Muḥammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family). In contrast, another perspective argues against this limitation, asserting that the categories of zakāt are not confined to these nine. Proponents of this view believe that the items liable for zakāt may evolve over time—just as they expanded beyond the initial nine categories during the era of the Imams (peace be upon them). By examining the narrations and the opinions of Shīʿī jurists in this inquiry, the view that zakāt is not restricted to nine categories is substantiated. This conclusion relies on the theory of the absolute authority of the Islamic ruler (ḥākim) in determining the categories of zakāt. Furthermore, based on Qur’ānic verses and traditions, it is demonstrated that zakāt may be extended beyond the nine traditional items with the authorization of the religious guardian (walī al-ummah).

Examining the Love of the World in the Philosophical Thought of Nasir Khusraw and Qutb al-Din Shirazi

Zohreh Mansouri iD , Seyed Hashem Golestani ^* iD , Zohreh Saadatmand iD

https://doi.org/10.61838/iki.142

Love is an element that, when associated with any phenomenon, creates favorable psychological and spiritual conditions in human beings. However, at times, excessive attachment to one's interests may overpower the individual and deprive them of spiritual joy. This study aims to examine the concept of ḥubb al-dunyā (love of the world) from the perspectives of Nasir Khusraw and Qutb al-Din Shirazi. Employing a descriptive-analytical method and relying on library sources, the research seeks to explain and extract thematic similarities concerning the love of the world in the thought of these two philosophers. Nasir Khusraw, through reliance on reason and rational argumentation, and Qutb al-Din Shirazi, through the lens of Sufi spiritual journeying, regard ḥubb al-dunyā as a consequence of the carnal self (nafs) and as an obstacle to attaining moral virtues. Both thinkers consider the human being to possess two dimensions of life—worldly and otherworldly—and they hold that access to the blessings of the hereafter depends on the performance of righteous deeds and the renunciation of worldly pleasures. The findings indicate that through self-purification (tahdhīb al-nafs) and faith, the human being can distance themselves from attachment to the transient world and pursue the ideal of ultimate perfection.

Dimensions and Components of Security-Building Economy Based on the Thoughts of the Supreme Leader

Mohammad Hadi Ghani Yeganeh ^* iD

https://doi.org/10.61838/iki.116

Security in the economic dimension is considered one of the most significant indicators of a country's development. On the other hand, economic power is regarded as one of the components of national power. The economy must not only be secure but also contribute to security itself. This study aims to identify the dimensions and components of a security-building economy from the perspective of the Supreme Leader, who is recognized as the architect of the security framework of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Using the grounded theory method, the textual content of the Supreme Leader’s statements was analyzed and examined. Based on the grounded theory approach, the dimensions and components of a security-building economy from the Supreme Leader’s perspective were identified. Ultimately, 147 open codes, 41 concepts, and 8 main categories were derived, including "the objective of a security-building economy," "conditions for establishing a security-building economy," "prerequisites for a security-building economy," "definition of a security-building economy," "indicators of a security-building economy," "outcomes of a security-building economy," "impacts of a security-building economy," and finally, "the position of a security-building economy." In conclusion, a conceptual model of the security-building economy was established around the central category of defining a security-building economy.

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